Chemoenzymatic synthesis of macrocyclic peptides and polyketides via thioesterase-catalyzed macrocyclization

• Senze Qiao,
• Zhongyu Cheng and
• Fuzhuo Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 721–733, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.66

• requires effective and economical preparation methods [5]. In the synthesis of these natural products and their analogs, macrocyclization through linear precursors, the key step in the general routes, was typically accomplished via conventional chemical methodologies [6][7], keeps presenting an obstacle

Menadione: a platform and a target to valuable compounds synthesis

• Acácio S. de Souza,
• Ruan Carlos B. Ribeiro,
• Dora C. S. Costa,
• Fernanda P. Pauli,
• David R. Pinho,
• Matheus G. de Moraes,
• Fernando de C. da Silva,
• Luana da S. M. Forezi and
• Vitor F. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 381–419, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.43

• . Review Preparation methods of menadione Among the most common methods for the preparation of menadione (10), we can find, for example, the oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene or 2-methylnaphthol. Other less frequent but equally efficient approaches to synthesize menadione include the demethylation of 2

1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid salts in organic synthesis

• Ruan Carlos B. Ribeiro,
• Patricia G. Ferreira,
• Amanda de A. Borges,
• Luana da S. M. Forezi,
• Fernando de Carvalho da Silva and
• Vitor F. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 53–69, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.5

• naphthoquinones [40][41][42]. β-NQS preparation methods generally employ β-naphthol or 1-amino-β-naphthol as starting materials. The first procedure was developed by Witt [43] in the late 19th century when he prepared 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid ammonium salt (16) in a 60–75% yield from 1-amino-β-naphthol

The preparation and properties of 1,1-difluorocyclopropane derivatives

• Kymbat S. Adekenova,
• Peter B. Wyatt and
• Sergazy M. Adekenov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 245–272, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.25

One-pot synthesis of isosorbide from cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass: a challenge?

• Isaline Bonnin,
• Raphaël Mereau,
• Thierry Tassaing and
• Karine De Oliveira Vigier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1713–1721, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.143

• . studied a combination of a Ru/C catalyst with mesoporous niobium phosphate and Ru support over mesoporous niobium phosphate in the conversion of cellulose to isosorbide [28]. Different preparation methods of NbOPO4 were performed depending on the final pH (2, 7 and 10) of the solution at the end of the

Activated carbon as catalyst support: precursors, preparation, modification and characterization

• Melanie Iwanow,
• Tobias Gärtner,
• Volker Sieber and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1188–1202, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.104

• available production and modification methods and possible characterization techniques. We evaluate the preparation methods for activated carbon materials with respect to its use as catalyst support and identify important parameters for metal loading. The considered carbon sources include coal, wood

• /O elemental analysis, EDX, XPS, XRD and TGA. Keywords: activated carbon; catalysis; characterization techniques; metal supported on carbon catalysts; preparation methods; Introduction Support materials for metal catalysts allow the dispersion and stabilization of small metal particles on a surface

• preparation methods for activated carbon materials. Depending on the carbon source, different pre-treatment steps are required before the carbonization/pyrolysis and activation of the precursor materials can be performed. In addition to the most widely used method of physical or chemical activation

Direct borylation of terrylene and quaterrylene

• Haruka Kano,
• Keiji Uehara,
• Kyohei Matsuo,
• Hironobu Hayashi,
• Hiroko Yamada and
• Naoki Aratani

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 621–627, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.58

• photovoltaic components, the scalable synthesis of pure soluble compounds is essential. Recently, facile preparation methods of terrylene [8] and quaterrylene [9] were reported, after 50 years from the first reports, respectively [10][11]. Friedel–Crafts ring condensation reaction of 3-(1-naphthyl)perylene

Synthesis of mono-functionalized S-diazocines via intramolecular Baeyer–Mills reactions

• Miriam Schehr,
• Daniel Hugenbusch,
• Tobias Moje,
• Christian Näther and
• Rainer Herges

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2799–2804, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.257

• derivatives [18][19]. Towards the synthesis of S-diazocines (Figure 1), two general approaches could be derived from the well investigated azobenzene preparation methods: a) Reductive coupling of two nitro groups or b) oxidative coupling of two amino groups [20]. To cleanly form N=N bonds by reduction of

Inclusion of trans-resveratrol in methylated cyclodextrins: synthesis and solid-state structures

• Lee Trollope,
• Dyanne L. Cruickshank,
• Terence Noonan,
• Susan A. Bourne,
• Milena Sorrenti,
• Laura Catenacci and
• Mino R. Caira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3136–3151, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.331

• obtained by Lu et al. [8], but the results obtained with HP-β-CD are quite different, probably due to the different preparation methods used. However, a comparison of the data for the derivatised CDs TMB and DMB show a similarly strong interaction to that obtained by Lu et al. with HP-β-CD. The general

Linear-g-hyperbranched and cyclodextrin-based amphiphilic block copolymer as a multifunctional nanocarrier

• Yamei Zhao,
• Wei Tian,
• Guang Yang and
• Xiaodong Fan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2696–2703, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.284

• values of micelles are dependent on the composition of the copolymers [26], the length of the hydrophobic blocks [27], the feed ratio of the drug to copolymer, and the preparation methods, as well as the process conditions of micelles [28]. For DLMP3, the higher EE and LC values may be mainly attributed

Derivatives of phenyl tribromomethyl sulfone as novel compounds with potential pesticidal activity

• Krzysztof M. Borys,
• Maciej D. Korzyński and
• Zbigniew Ochal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 259–265, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.27

• , the second step being particularly time-consuming (80 h). These significant drawbacks led us search for other preparation methods. We considered that the readily available methylsulfone 4 may serve as an intermediate in the synthesis of 1 (Scheme 2, methods B and C). It was obtained by S-methylation

Continuous preparation of carbon-nanotube-supported platinum catalysts in a flow reactor directly heated by electric current

• Alicja Schlange,
• Antonio Rodolfo dos Santos,
• Ulrich Kunz and
• Thomas Turek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1412–1420, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.165

• this operation mode is that the yearly production rates can be rather small, comparable to pharmaceutical or fine chemical synthesis. With the advent of microreactors or minireactors continuous preparation methods have entered the organic chemist’s laboratory. This makes the small-scale preparation of

• where an oil bath or heat exchangers act as the heat source. While using these traditional methods, hot spots can occur, mostly when a large volume of reaction mixture is used, hindering homogenous nucleation of platinum particles. Moreover, when using these preparation methods a longer time is needed

• production of other metal/carbon supported catalysts. Electrocatalyst preparation methods In recent years, different methods for the synthesis of carbon-supported Pt catalysts have been studied. Among these, three methods were mainly used: impregnation method, based on the impregnation of platinum precursor

Functionalization of heterocyclic compounds using polyfunctional magnesium and zinc reagents

• Paul Knochel,
• Matthias A. Schade,
• Sebastian Bernhardt,
• Georg Manolikakes,
• Albrecht Metzger,
• Fabian M. Piller,
• Christoph J. Rohbogner and
• Marc Mosrin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1261–1277, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.147

• field, and that the important synthetic preparation methods developed recently will lead to a revolution in the field and considerably expand the use of these organometallics in synthesis. Experimental Experimental details for the most important reactions of this review are given in the Supporting

Self-assembled ordered structures in thin films of HAT5 discotic liquid crystal

• Piero Morales,
• Jan Lagerwall,
• Paolo Vacca,
• Sabine Laschat and
• Giusy Scalia

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 51, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.51

• observations made on the thicker drop-cast samples. Thus, these two different preparation methods lead to a great difference in the stability of molecular alignment and in the temperature behavior of the material, even starting from the same solution. This behavior is important for applications since it may